Ayurveda, explained

A plain-English guide to the ideas behind Ayurvedic herbs: the doshas, rasayana, daily routine and the words you will see on every label.

What is Ayurveda?

Ayurveda is India’s traditional system of health and wellbeing. Its name joins two Sanskrit words: ayus, life, and veda, knowledge. Its classical texts, such as the Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita, are more than two thousand years old.

Ayurveda sees health as balance: between body, mind and senses, and between a person and their environment. It places as much weight on daily routine, food, sleep and conduct as on herbs. Herbs are chosen to support that balance, according to their qualities and the person taking them.

Today Ayurveda is a recognised system of medicine in India, regulated by the Ministry of AYUSH, with registered practitioners who hold BAMS or MD (Ayurveda) qualifications.

Core ideas

Four ideas that explain most of Ayurveda

  1. Idea 01

    Three doshas

    Five elements combine into vata (movement), pitta (transformation) and kapha (structure): the body’s three functional energies.

  2. Idea 02

    Agni

    The digestive fire. Ayurveda considers good digestion the foundation of health.

  3. Idea 03

    Rasayana

    Rejuvenation: nourishing herbs, foods and habits taken regularly to support vitality.

  4. Idea 04

    Daily routine

    Dinacharya aligns sleep, meals and activity with the natural rhythm of the day.

Glossary of Ayurvedic terms

Abhyanga
Self-massage with warm oil, a traditional part of the daily routine.
Agni
The digestive fire, responsible for digestion and metabolism.
Anupana
The carrier taken with a herb, such as warm water, milk, honey or ghee.
Churna
A fine herbal powder.
Dinacharya
The Ayurvedic daily routine.
Dosha
One of the three functional energies: vata, pitta and kapha.
Ghrita
A herbal preparation cooked in ghee.
Guna
The qualities of a substance, such as heavy or light, hot or cold.
Kapha
The dosha of structure and stability, made of water and earth.
Medhya
Herbs traditionally used to support the mind, memory and calm.
Ojas
The refined essence of good digestion and living, linked with strength and resilience.
Pitta
The dosha of transformation and heat, made of fire and water.
Prakriti
Your natural constitution: the balance of doshas you were born with.
Rasa
Taste. Ayurveda recognises six: sweet, sour, salty, pungent, bitter and astringent.
Rasayana
The branch of Ayurveda devoted to rejuvenation, and the herbs used for it.
Ritucharya
Adjusting diet and routine with the seasons.
Shodhana
Classical purification of a raw material before use, as with shilajit.
Shuddha
Purified.
Triphala
A classical blend of three fruits: amla, haritaki and bibhitaki.
Vata
The dosha of movement, made of space and air.
Vikriti
Your current state of balance, which changes with season, diet and lifestyle.
Vipaka
The post-digestive effect of a substance.
Virya
The potency of a herb: heating or cooling.

Explore individual herbs in our ingredient library.

FAQ

Questions about Ayurveda

All questions
What does “Girivana” mean?

The name joins two Sanskrit words: giri, mountain, and vana, forest. It reflects the wild landscapes where many Ayurvedic herbs traditionally grow, and our mark combines a mountain and a leaf in a single shape.

What is Ayurveda?

Ayurveda is India’s traditional system of wellbeing, with written texts going back more than two thousand years. It emphasises daily routine, diet and the use of herbs, minerals and spices suited to each person.

What is a rasayana herb?

In Ayurveda, rasayana describes rejuvenating herbs and preparations taken regularly to support strength, vitality and healthy ageing. Ashwagandha, shatavari, amla and shilajit are well-known examples.

What are the three doshas?

Ayurveda describes three functional energies in the body: vata (movement), pitta (transformation) and kapha (structure). Everyone has all three in a unique balance. Read our simple guide to the doshas.

Do I need to see an Ayurvedic practitioner?

It is a good idea, especially if you take medication, have a medical condition, are pregnant or nursing, or are buying for a child. A registered practitioner (BAMS or MD Ayurveda) can recommend herbs suited to your constitution.